Wire Bonding

In a solid phase soldering procedure called wire bonding, the wire and pad face are brought into close contact. Once the interfaces are in close proximity to one another, electron sharing or atom inter-diffusion occurs, leading to the development of a wire bond. In the wire bonding step, the bonding force may cause deformation on the material that has been used, making the rough surface more smooth and separating the defiler layer, that can be improved by the use of ultrasonic waves.  Although wire bond quality and bonding processes have improved with time and knowledge of failure situations, they continue to plague new pcba assembly lines.

Purpose of wire bonding

Wire bonding can be used to link an IC to other electronics or to connect one printed circuit board (PCB) to another, although being less popular. The significant number of semiconductor packages are assembled via wire bonding, which is usually regarded as the most economical and versatile connectivity technology.

Types of Wire bonding

The main classes of wire bonding:

Ball bonding is often limited to copper and gold wire and necessitates heat. Only the use of gold wiring requires heat for wedge bonding. Large diameter wire or wire ribbons can be used for wedge bonding in power electronics applications. Small diameter wires appropriate for interconnect applications are the only ones that can be ball-bonded.

In any kind of wire bonding, a weld is created by applying downward force, ultrasonic energy, and occasionally heat to the wire’s ends. The metal is softened by heat. The reliability and durability of a wire bond are increased by using the proper ratio of temperature and ultrasonic energy. The procedure is known as thermosonic bonding if heated and ultrasonic waves are both utilised.

In wedge bonding, The first bond requires that the wire be placed in a straight line. As a result of the time required for tool alignment, the process is slowed down. However, ball bonding, which has no preference for direction, forms its initial bond into the shape of a ball with the wires sticking out from the top. As a result, the process can be completed more quickly and in any direction with the wire.

Gold wires and beam leads that have undergone electroforming can be bonded to silicon integrated circuits using compliant bonding. Because it transmits pressure and heat through a compliant or intent-able aluminium tape (known as the beam leaded integrated circuit).